In this paper, the effect of load, Velocity of sliding and sliding distance on wear of materials made of Polytetrafluroethylene. Practically in all cases a plain bearing material is a non-ferrous alloy or a mixture. With the development of engineering industries, the amount of bearing metal requirement is increasing at a very fast rate. Until very recently, most common type of "bushing‟ and "bearing‟ materials has either been bronze, copper and lead mixture and lead or tin based white metals. As such, bearing industries consume large quantity of copper, lead, tin, indium, silver and antimony etc. apart from the cost factor of these materials, some of these materials are not available or not produced in India or produced negligibly in small quantity and consequently can be termed rare in relation to present day requirements of the industries. These considerations lead the metallurgists to search for alternative bearing material with special attention to metal which are more easily available both at time of emergency and in normal times. From literature survey Polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE) is an important polymer based engineering material. When rubbed against a hard surface, PTFE exhibits a low coefficient of friction but a high rate of wear. It will be reduced by adding suitable fillers. This paper presents the effects of varying load, sliding distance, sliding velocity and filler content in PTFE examine using a Pin –on –Disc Wear Test Machine. A comparative analysis of these composites ie. (PTFE + 30% Carbon, PTFE + 30% bronze and PTFE+30%Glass) showing how properties of PTFE can be improved by addition of filler content. The expected results taking into consideration the large number of factors, wear characteristics and optimum bearing construction can be achieved.
Abstract Online: 25-October-2015

This paper mainly focuses on natural disasters which may be defined as any serious disruption to the functioning of a community or a society that is capable of causing a widespread human, economic or environment loss which is beyond the ability of the affected community or society to cope up with. It can also be defined as a function of the risk which results from the combination of hazards, increase in vulnerability and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce the potential negative consequences of risk. The main aim of the paper is to formulate a mechanism to help the Government Agencies to prepare a systematic process that integrates risk identification, mitigation and transfer, as well as disaster preparedness, emergency response and rehabilitation or reconstruction to lessen the impacts of hazards. There has been a rapid increase in the number of natural and manmade disasters and increase in the loss of human life & property due to the increased vulnerability of people and also substantial increase in risks associate with different types of hazards. The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the various risks associated with different types of disasters and find out the critical relationships between them using the Failure mode and effect analysis technique (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) technique. The top ten factors having highest risk priority number (RPN) are identified from FMEA and these factors are structured into a comprehensive systematic model portraying this complex issue which identifies the crux of the problem using FTA.
Abstract Online: 25-October-2015

1. BACKGROUND: In today's competitive market it becomes crucial to retain good employees who can add meaning and value towards attainment of organizational goal and objectives. Employee satisfaction is indispensable for the success of any organization. It expresses an echelon of happiness of a person in his professional setting linked with the organization culture. An elevated rate of employee contentedness is positively related to a lower turnover rate. Thus, keeping employees' satisfied with their career must be a key priority for each employer. Researches on Employee satisfaction shows that satisfactory work environment ,better compensation policies and a good leadership skills will definitely lead to employee job satisfaction (Wood 1976), (Kaye & Jordan-Evans 1999 ), (Mine, Ebrahimi, and Wachtel 1995), (Branham (2005) ,( Heskett et al. (1997) as cited in Abdullah (2011) and Sturgeon (2006) , (Rider (1998) as cited in Mehta et al. (2010), (Thomas & Gabarro 1999), (Gellner & Veen 2009) American business Journal (Hansen 2002), (Alesina& La Ferrara 2005),
2. PURPOSE: The main objective of this research paper is to study employee satisfaction in terms of organizational culture and leadership and also to explore ways to make employees satisfied.
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: The study uses quantitative methodology. For data collection questionnaire method has been used on a sample of 100 employees in Higher Academic Institutions in NCR region only. Independent variables are work environment, compensation and recognition, career development and dependent variables is employee satisfaction. For the purpose of data analysis we used IBM SPSS 20. We had used correlation and regression analysis to find out the satisfaction level of the employees against each major variable.
4. FINDINGS: In the earlier researches, there has been a significant relationship between these four independent variables and employee satisfaction. In this research paper, there is some evidence which can prove that employee satisfaction is dependent on these four variables. So, organization needs to focus more on career development, compensation and rewards, and workplace environment to increase their employee satisfaction. Moreover, extensive research has given away that motivated and satisfied employees lean to put in more in terms of organizational efficiency and maintaining a level of commitment towards organization.
5. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: As organization face problems in retaining employees as they are not able to categorize the factors that have a say to both employee satisfaction and loyalty therefore this study covers three broader areas for finding out employee satisfaction namely work environment, compensation & recognition , and career development.
Abstract Online: 25-October-2015

Mutual fund industry has veterana radical growth in the earlier periodof two decades.Raise in the number of schemes with improved mobilization of funds in the past fewyears notes the importance of Indian mutual funds industry. To fulfill the potential ofmillions of retail investors, the mutual funds are requisite to function as successfulinstitutional investors. Proper evaluation of various fund performance and theircomparison with other funds helps retail investors for creating investment decisions. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of mutual fundschemes ranked 1 by CRISIL and associate these returns with SBI domestic term depositrates. Bearing in mind the interest of retail investors simple statistical techniques likeaverages and rate of returns are used. The results achieves from the study clearly represents that, in most of the cases themutual fund schemes have failed even to provide the return of SBI domestic termdeposits.
Abstract Online: 25-October-2015

10000 rooftop power plants programme in Kerala was a pioneering programme for decentralized stand alone rooftop solar power generation as part of the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission was implemented by ANERT during the year 2012-13. 1kW Solar power plants on 10,000 rooftops totaling a capacity of 10MW is going to be installed. This has been a novel programme for green energy generation. By using grid tie system we can make the system cheaper at least by Rs 50,000 compared to the present off grid system. Also the latest guidelines state that installation of net-metering system at the site will connect it to grid via distribution companies. In the new scenario those who have set up a solar system with a capacity of 1KW to 1MW on a rooftop space would be able to sell it back to the KSEB.
Abstract Online: 25-October-2015

Infrastructure is one of the important factors that drive the economic growth of a country.Infrastructure connects goods to the markets, workers to industry, people to services and the poor in rural areas to urban growth centers. Infrastructure lowers costs, enlarges markets and facilitates trade. Thus, infrastructure provides services that support economic growth by increasing the productivity of labor and capital thereby reducing the costs of production and raising profitability, production, income and employment. To develop infrastructure in the country, the government is expected to review issues of budgetary allocation, tariff policy, fiscal incentives, private sector participation, and public-private partnerships (PPPs). The purpose of this paper is toaboutthe theoretical framework of Indian infrastructure. It include the brief view of infrastructure development during 12th five year plan, its financing sources and role of PPPs in Indian infrastructure and challenges towards it.
Abstract Online: 25-October-2015

The importance of preserving any giving people's heritage cannot be overemphasized. Hence the various means put in place to preserve the different types of heritage we have. This paper is an attempt to add to what are available as means of preserving our heritage by making case for the use of digital data curation to preserve our natural heritage. Since data is very relevant in almost all fields and could equally be collected in areas of human activities, the present work opines that the collection, proper storage and effective management of data concerning our natural heritage will be a sure way of preserving such heritage. Based on the findings of this work, the paper recommends, among others, that efforts should be channeled towards proper funding of data curation for proper digital documentation and curation of materials on natural heritage. This will help in preserving them for the present and future use.
Abstract Online: 25-October-2015

Earthquakes are one of the most disastrous forces which cannot be prevented but their effects can be minimized with minimal causalities of lives and structural damages. Over the past decade, analysis of the seismic site response has gone from a topic of controversy to the mainstream issue addressed in most building codes, research and practice. Structural design has headed a path from Conventional method Seismic Design i.e., Force Based Design (FBD) towards Performance-based Design. Performance levels, indeed, are described in terms of displacements, as damage is better correlated to displacements rather than forces. As a consequence, new design approaches, based on displacements, have been recently implemented. One of such approach is the Direct Displacement-Based Design (DDBD), proposed by Priestley (1993). This paper presents a comparative study on RC frame buildings with plan irregularity using Force based design (FBD) and Displacement based design (DDBD). Here the building is analyzed and designed with linear static and non linear static or push over analysis. And the results are compared in terms of Percentage of reinforcement (Pt), Base shear (VB) and Response Reduction Factor (R).
Abstract Online: 30-October-2015

Self compacting concrete was first developed by Okamura in Japan in 1980. Significant research on self compacting concrete with regard to identification of mix proportions and properties for different applications was carried out around the world. The paper mainly focuses on the mix proportions by partial replacement of cement and fine aggregate by various eco friendly materials and to critically review the mechanical properties of self compacting concrete. It was observed that fine materials improve the properties of self compacting concrete at low water binder ratio and addition of super plasticizer.
Abstract Online: 30-October-2015

We analyse the unsteady convective Heat Transfer flow of a viscous fluid in a Vertical channel on whose walls an oscillatory temperature is prescribed. Approximate solutions to coupled non-linear partial differential equations governing the flow, heat transfer are solved by a perturbation technique. The velocity, temperature, skin friction, and rate of heat transfer are discussed for different variations of G, M, , N, γ , 1  , P and Ec.
Abstract Online: 30-October-2015

This paper presents results of Geometric Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of a Schwedler's dome undergoing snap through instability. The dome is modelled and analysed in ANSYS 12.Non-linear buckling analysis is usually the more accurate approach and is recommended for design or evaluation of actual structure. This technique employs a non-linear static analysis with gradually increasing loads to seek the load level at which the structure becomes unstable. While plotting the equilibrium plot of the analysed structure, the initial mode of deformation for gradual increase in load reaches the shape where the stiffness is lost completely ie, the nonlinear instability region which "snapthrough" occurs .It is said that the load deflection equilibrium path of the structure has reached a limit point and a dynamic jump occurs to a highly deformed configuration. This process is referred as snap through or snap buckling. Snap through results in total failure. A parametric study for dome is conducted for the dome analysed above by increasing the height between the rings and also by changing the radius of rings to study the change in the behaviour of dome. The stress in members of the dome is calculated for 50 kN load. The maximum stress is observed in the top ring and top rib. The ribs of the dome are undergoing compression and rings are undergoing tension. But after buckling the configuration of dome is changed and top rib is undergoing tension and top ring is undergoing compression.
Abstract Online: 30-October-2015

Progressive collapse of buildingsare generally triggered by a local failure due to accidental actions, followed by subsequent chain effect of the structures which may result in wide range failure or even collapse of the entire buildings. To study the effect of failure of load carrying elements i.e. columns on the entire structure; 10 storey moment resistant regular RC building is considered. The buildings are modelled and analyzed for progressive collapse using the structural analysis and design software SAP2000. The frame is subjected to loading as described by General Services Administration (GSA) guideline for carrying out linear static analysis.Linear static and nonlinear static analysis is used to evaluate the potential for progressive collapse of RC buildings.The results include the variation of bending moment of beams and evaluation of demand capacity ratios (DCR), hinge properties and % load attempt.
Abstract Online: 05-November-2015

Ad hoc networks (MANETs) are infrastructure less, autonomous networks comprised of wireless mobile computing devices. MANETs [1] are peer to peer networks in which all the nodes in the network have the same capability and communicate with each other without the intervention or need of a centralized access point or base-station.. Several routing protocols have been proposed for mobile ad hoc networks. These can be categorized as proactive (also known as tabledriven) protocols, reactive (known as source initiated or demand-driven) protocols or the hybrid of the reactive and proactive protocols[1,2]. .Dynamic Source Routing which is a reactive routing protocol adapts quickly to routing changes when host movement is frequent yet requires little or no overhead during periods in which hosts move less frequently. The DSR is a simple and efficient routing protocol designed specifically for use in multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks of mobile nodes.[3]This paper compare the performance of DSR with modified DSR.A modified DSR use the path ranking technique to improve its performance. The modified DSR is simulated on Ns2 and compared with the existingDSR protocol.
Abstract Online: 05-November-2015

This survey paper purposes a real time implementation of the virtual fitting by different methods and technologies. The shopping system has many problems. There are huge numbers of customers and few numbers of trial rooms are in the shopping malls. To overcome these problems virtual fitting room is being implemented. The virtual fitting room plays an important role in real time implementation. This system provides us virtual reality of shopping and is easy to select the cloth. By using various methods and technologies it is implemented and gets improving. This paper visualizes the improvements in the virtual fitting room.
Abstract Online: 05-November-2015

Disc brake is a metal rotor that spins with the wheel. When the brakes are applied, a caliper squeezes the disc pads against the disc will slowing the wheel. Braking is a process which converts the kinetic energy of the vehicle into mechanical energy which must be dissipated in the form of heat. The disc brake is a device for deaccelerating or stopping the rotation of a wheel. A brake disc usually made of cast iron or ceramic composites is connected to the wheel and/or the axle. Friction material in the form of brake pads (mounted on a device called a brake caliper) is forced mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically or electromagnetically against both sides of the disc to stop the wheel. The present research is basically deals with the modeling and analysis of solid and ventilated disc brake using Pro-E and Ansys. In the analysis transient thermal and structural analysis of the rotor disc of disk brake is aimed at evaluating the performance of disc brake rotor of a car under severe braking conditions and there by assist in disc rotor design and analysis. The main purpose of this study is to analysis the thermo mechanical behavior of the dry contact of the brake disc during the braking phase. The coupled thermal-structural analysis is used to determine the deformation and the Von Mises stress established in the disc for the both solid and ventilated disc with two different materials to enhance performance of the rotor disc.
Abstract Online: 05-November-2015

A flex plate is a metal disk that connects the output from an engine to the input of a torque converter in a car equipped with an automatic transmission. It takes the place of the flywheel found in a conventional manual transmission setup. It bolts to the end of the crankshaft and attaches to the converter of torque. There is also a large gear attached, used by the starter to crank the engine. Because perfect alignment of the engine and transmission are not possible, the flex plate can absorb the minute misalignment. As misalignment increases, the flex plate flexes more. This continual flexing eventually causes the metal to fatigue and the flex plate cracks. In this present thesis we are designing the plate using design software and the reasons of the crack formation can be found out by Fea package and also we are changing the material properties with the design of the plate to increase the life of the plate.
Abstract Online: 05-November-2015

Purpose – This research paper tries to evaluate the position of different department stores with respect to apparel shopping by women consumers in the city of Mumbai. It also lists the different criteria that women shoppers use while choosing a department store for apparel shopping.
Design/methodology/approach –
Need for the study- Growing number of women in the workforce as well as education sector as students and educators has increased the demand for more varied set of apparel in a woman‟s wardrobe. There is also intense competition between the retailers to entice a pie of the marketshare. This study tries to find out the different apparels in the Indian woman‟s wardrobe and what preference they have towards the different retailers operating in the city of Mumbai. It also throws light on the factors that make a retailer more favourable than the other.
Findings –The average Mumbai city women‟s wardrobe seems to be dominated by casual wear. Though many retailers have a brand recall the actual purchase seems to be happening in three of the major stores – Lifestyle, Pantaloons and Shoppers Stop. Sales offer and the range of brands available are the main reasons as to why shoppers prefer a particular retailer.
Originality/value – Previous studies have identified different loyalty indicators towards stores selling apparel but no specific studies have been carried out for the city. Moreover specific factors like mix and match options, comfort level of clothing available have not been studied by previous researchers
Abstract Online: 05-November-2015

The reuse and management of research data are becoming increasingly important as Australian research funders are increasingly following the global trend of lodging publications and data in public repositories.Research data are defined here asthe factual records (e.g. numerical and textual records,microarray, images and sounds, etc.) used asprimary sources for research, andthat are commonly accepted in theresearch community as necessary tovalidate research findings. Publication and re-usability of research data bring great benefits such as research and researcher effectiveness, enhancing the reputation of researchers and institutions, meeting obligations to funders, and compliance with Open Access agendas. To achieve this, it is critical that research data is properly managed from the pre-research planning stages, through to post research completion. The US National Science Foundationdescribes digital data as both the products of research and,increasingly, the starting pointfor new research. In the digitalenvironment, it is possible forresearchers to re-purpose data –to use them in innovative ways andcombinations not envisioned bythose who created them. It is alsocommon for researchers to usedata from one study to buildon and enhance the findings ofprevious research; and to undertakelongitudinal studies that comparedata from repeated observations ofthe same items over long periods oftime often many decades [1].
Abstract Online: 05-November-2015

In many manufacturing industries light weight components are produced using aluminium composite materials.But they lack good machinability and possess poor mechanical strength. In this paper , we are presenting the fabrication of Al6061 alloy composite with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) by Stir casting process techniques. In this experiment Al6061 alloy as a matrix and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as reinforcement for metal matrix composites to investigate the mechanical properties of the fabricate Composite. The amount of materials are calculated by the materials were properly mixed using mass and volume fraction formula. The Sample is prepared for one composition (i.e., 1wt %) investigation on microstructure, using optical microscope and SEM were done. The strength and machinability were also calculated.
Abstract Online: 05-November-2015